Infertility in couples has become a public health problem in recent years, with causes that may be female, male, or mixed. We conducted a descriptive epidemiological study with retrospective data collection on the records of 300 couples treated in the Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) unit, obstetrics and gynecology department at the Oran University Hospital (EHUO), Algeria, over a period of two years from January 2019 to December 2021. The objective was to evaluate the various risk factors affecting couple fertility and to determine the most frequent causes. The results indicate that the average age of women was 34.95± 6.34 years, while for men it was 41.08± 7.54 years. Infertility was primary in 70% of cases, with the duration of infertility ranging from 2 to 8 years (65.66%). In women, hysterosalpingography examination revealed that 5.59% of cases showed tubal obstruction, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (40.8%) being the most dominant anomaly, followed by other gynecological histories such as fibroids, cysts, and uterine polyps (45.6%). In men, 59.30% of cases had a pathological spermogram, with the most frequent abnormality being asthenozoospermia (34.6%). Varicocele was found in 16.30% of cases, and 21% of our patients had medical histories, with diabetes being the most dominant disease (55%).