Urinary lithiasis is an economic and social concern and a common pathology that affects the urinary system and causes renal failure in 45% of cases. As a result, epidemiological data analysis is critical for better understanding the evolution of the lithiasis disease and its relationship to the pathologies or risk factors involved in its development. This work is divided into three sections. The first section is devoted to a 10-year retrospective epidemiological study and aims to study the epidemiological profile of urinary lithiasis and determine the disease’s evolutionary trend over time. The second component is an epidemiological study of 100 urinary stones collected from hospitals and private clinics in South Western Algeria. Furthermore, a study of the role of epidemiological risk factors such as age, gender, and anatomical localization in the process of stone formation is carried out. It is then followed by a morpho-constitutional analysis of urinary stones and an infrared spectrophotometric analysis to confirm the type of lithiasis studied. The third section is a phytotherapeutic investigation. The first part summarizes the natural inhibitors for treating urinary lithiasis. The second part investigates plants’ in vitro dissolving effect on calcium oxalate monohydrate (Whewellite) stones. In the third part, an in vitro study of the effects of aqueous extracts of some medicinal plants on Oxalo-calcic crystallizations