This study investigates the impact of diabetes on periodontal health among older adults through a case-control design. Objective: To assess the periodontal conditions in diabetic versus non-diabetic older adults and determine the associated risk factors. Methods: A total of 100 participants aged 60 years and above were divided into two groups: 50 diagnosed with diabetes and 50 without. Periodontal health was assessed using clinical parameters such as probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and the presence of gingival inflammation, alongside statistical analyses employing t-tests and chi-square tests to compare results between groups. Results demonstrated that diabetic individuals exhibited significantly higher PD (mean 5.2 mm, SD 1.3) and CAL (mean 6.1 mm, SD 1.5) compared to non-diabetics (PD: mean 3.1 mm, SD 0.9; CAL: mean 4.0 mm, SD 1.0), with p-values <0.001 for both measures. Discussion: The findings highlight the significant adverse effects of diabetes on periodontal health, emphasizing the necessity for targeted interventions. The study underscores a critical gap in understanding the oral health implications of diabetes among the elderly, suggesting that enhanced periodontal care is essential for this demographic.