Phyllanthus niruri Linn. (Family: Euphorbiaceae), known as Keela Nelli in Tamil, is widely recognized for its therapeutic efficacy in treating liver related ailments, particularly in rural Tamil Nadu. Despite the widespread use of allopathic medicine for various health conditions, local communities continue to rely on traditional healers (Parambara Nattu Vaithiar) for the management of liver diseases. Even today, Nattu Vaithiyam remains the preferred method of treatment for many liver disorders. Traditional healers in Tamil Nadu utilize Phyllanthus niruri to address a wide range of ailments, including dysentery, influenza, vaginitis, tumours, diabetes, diuretic conditions, jaundice, kidney stones, dyspepsia, hepatotoxicity, hepatitis B, hyperglycemia, and viral infections, using various preparations through multiple routes. In the present study, the phytochemical profile of Phyllanthus niruri was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). FTIR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups such as alkenes, nitro compounds, carboxylic acids, alkyl aryl ethers, and aliphatic ethers. GC-MS analysis identified five bioactive compounds, including Butane, 2-Chloro-3-Methyl; 2(3H) Furanone, Dihydro-3,5-Dimethyl; 4-Tetradecanone; Oxirane, 2-Methyl 2-Pentyl-; and Butanoic Acid Anhydride. These findings underscore the medicinal potential of Phyllanthus niruri, supporting ethnopharmacological use in the treatment of various ailments.