Composites of calcium phosphate (CaP) with the graphene family (GF) show promising potential as materials for bone regeneration. GF nanomaterials can undergo physical and chemical modifications to mimic biological systems, resulting in their exceptional thermal, mechanical, and electronic properties due to their stability. These GF composites, which are biocompatible and coated on calcium phosphate, can improve stem cell growth and differentiation, as well as tolerate proliferation into different lineages or interact with bioorganisms. Enhancing the progress of CF-CaP materials and their interactions with osteoblasts, both physicochemical and biological, is crucial for accelerating the healing and repairing of significant bone imperfections or defects. This article discusses the impact of CF-CaP and outlines recent advancements in the creation of CF-CaP structures for bone regeneration with multiple functions. We have additionally examined the usual biological uses related to these bioactive nanocomposites based on CF-CaP. Moreover, emphasis will also be placed on future perspectives and changing challenges. Because there is a lack of comprehensive reviews in this developing research area, this review would attract significant interest and create new opportunities in a variety of disciplines.