This study investigates the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential of herbal nanoparticles derived from Maerua oblongifolia, a plant known for its medicinal properties. Nanoparticles were synthesized using the leaf extract and characterized for size, stability, and drug entrapment efficiency. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited an average particle size of 128.5 nm as determined by PSA (Particle Size Analyzer) and showed a zeta potential of -28.7 mV, confirming their stability. Drug entrapment efficiency was found to be 78.4%, indicating efficient loading of the bioactive compounds from Maerua oblongifolia. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against common pathogenic strains, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with an observed inhibition zone of 15.2 mm and 13.4 mm, respectively. In anti-inflammatory assays, the nanoparticles demonstrated a significant reduction in inflammatory markers, with a 65% inhibition in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. These findings suggest that Maerua oblongifolia nanoparticles possess strong antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making them a promising candidate for further pharmaceutical applications.