Nanoparticles, particularly carbon dots (CDs), have gained prominence in biological research due to their distinctive properties. CDs, a novel class of nanomaterials with metal-free fluorescent attributes, are especially noteworthy. Biomass-derived CDs exhibit low toxicity, biocompatibility, and eliminate the need for additional doping or surface modifications. In this study, CDs were synthesized from Euphorbia heterophylla using a sand bath assisted method, demonstrating their unique capabilities as reducing agents for the synthesis of Fe@EHCDs nanocomposites. The optical and fluorescence properties of CDs confirmed the successful formation of Fe@EHCDs nanocomposites. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis elucidated the functional groups present in CDs and Fe@EHCDs nanocomposites. The size distribution of Fe@EHCDs nanocomposites ranged between 2-8 nm. Notably, among the tested pathogens, only Candida albicans exhibited susceptibility to Fe/EHCDs nanocomposites, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 µg mL-1 and a zone of inhibition of 18 mm at 2000 µg mL-1. Furthermore, the study explored the in vitro antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties of the synthesized nanocomposites. Among the three assessed biological activities, the in vitro antioxidant activity displayed particularly promising results.