Silver and zinc oxide are well-known for their antimicrobial and pro-healing properties. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a biocompatible material with photo-oxidizing and photocatalytic effects on chemical and biological species. ZnO nanomaterials exhibit anti-inflammatory activities through both chemical interactions, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and releasing zinc ions (Zn2+), and physical interactions, causing cell envelope rupture, cellular internalization, or mechanical damage. This article describes a green synthesis method using Alpinia officinarum root extract to produce silver-doped ZnO nanoparticles (Ag-doped ZnO NPs) and explores their synergistic anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Various analytical techniques, including UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to examine the synthesized nanoparticles. UV-Vis analysis showed an absorption peak at 372 nm, confirming nanoparticle formation. FT-IR spectra revealed characteristic peaks for functional groups like –OH, NH, C-H, and M-O. SEM images showed nanoparticle aggregation with an average size of 70–90 nm. XRD confirmed the crystalline structure with a hexagonal wurtzite pattern. Biological assays demonstrated a linear decrease in COX-1 and Cox-2 anti-inflammatory, as well as B16F10 and HCT116 cells, with increasing nanoparticle concentration. Spherical ZnO:Ag at 100 µM/mL exhibited the most potent anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity, attributed to its smaller particle size compared to hexagonal and rod-shaped counterparts. These findings suggest that spherical ZnO:Ag has significant potential as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent.