Fungal infections pose a significant challenge to public health and agriculture, necessitating the search for effective and safer antifungal agents. Phytoconstituents, particularly terpenoids and coumarins, have gained attention due to their diverse bioactivities, including antifungal properties. This review explores the antifungal potential of selected terpenoids and coumarins, focusing on their mechanisms of action, spectrum of activity, and structure-activity relationships. Terpenoids, known for their membrane-disrupting and enzyme-inhibiting capabilities, exhibit promising antifungal efficacy against pathogenic fungi. Similarly, coumarins, with their ability to interfere with fungal growth and oxidative stress pathways, have shown broad-spectrum antifungal activity. This review also highlights recent studies, challenges in clinical translation, and future prospects for developing plant-derived antifungal agents. Understanding the molecular interactions and synergistic effects of these phytochemicals can aid in the design of novel antifungal therapies with enhanced efficacy and reduced resistance.