Based on ethnopharmacological knowledge, plants are used worldwide, across various countries and cultures, for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones, which remain a major health concern. To document the traditional uses of medicinal plants in western Algeria and preserve our cultural heritage, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in Relizane Province from February to May 2024. A total of 200 informants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the Frequency Citation (FC) and Relative Frequency Citation (RFC) indices. The results showed that Herniaria hirsuta, Hordeum vulgare, Atriplex halimus, and Petroselinum crispum were the most commonly used species by the inhabitants of the region to treat urolithiasis. The Caryophyllaceae family was the most represented, followed by Apiaceae, Poaceae, and Amaranthaceae. Leaves were the most commonly used part, while infusion was the dominant method of preparation. These results can serve as a basis for further pharmacological and phytochemical studies to evaluate the therapeutic effects of anti-lithiasic plants.