This study, conducted in the arid Ouargla Basin of the Algerian Sahara provides a comprehensive analysis of water resource management, focusing on water quality assessment, field geometry, and hydrodynamics. Through the analysis of lithological stratigraphic characteristics, three major aquifer units have been identified: the Continental Intercalary, the Terminal Complex, and the Quaternary-hosted phreatic aquifer. The Continental Intercalary, characterized by permeable sandy-clay units, serves as the primary water reservoir. The Terminal Complex, with litho-stratigraphic formations separated by impermeable layers, relies on peripheral runoff and Eastern Erg infiltration for replenishment. The Quaternary-hosted phreatic aquifer encircles the basin and captures local infiltration for its shallow domain.