Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as soil acts as a natural carbon reservoir. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of arboriculture, particularly citrus and olive growing, on soil organic carbon stocks under semi-arid conditions of the agricultural workshop of Mazagran at Mostaganem. To do this, we measured the quantity of carbon using the soil of the same study area according to several soil depth levels such as: (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-50 cm, 50-100 cm). The SOC stock varies significantly (p ˂ 0.05) between the different land use modes, the highest value under olive cultivation (32.63 Mg C ha-1) is recorded at the level of the stratum going from 50 to 100 cm and the highest value under citrus cultivation (24.29 Mg C ha-1) is recorded at the surface stratum ranging from 0 to 15 cm. The lowest stock is recorded at ground level under citrus cultivation in the 3rd stratum ranging from 30 to 50 cm, with 6.33 Mg C ha-1. The variation in OC distribution based on land use and depth can be attributed to differences in plant inputs (both in quantity and quality) between species, as well as variations in root distribution and depth, which influence the storage and stabilization of OC. Consequently, land use affects SOC stocks both at the surface and at depth.