The present study aimed to determine the in vitro anticancer activity of Alpinia galanga. Phytochemical screening of aqueous extracts from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga was conducted using standard procedures. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. Various cytotoxic assays (MTT) were performed on the extracts using standard methods. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Alpinia galanga revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates, and proteins. The results indicated that rhizome of aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga showed 88.36% cell viability whereas Alpinia calcarata showed 73.59% cell viability.. The results of this study indicate that the rhizome of Alpinia galanga is rich in phenols and flavonoids, which may be useful for the development of anticancer drugs. Alpinia galanga demonstrated higher antioxidant and anticancer activity.