Ethnobotany, the study of traditional plant use by indigenous cultures, provides valuable insights into medicinal applications that have stood the test of time. This review delves into the ethnobotanical practices surrounding plants used for brain health, juxtaposing traditional wisdom with modern scientific applications. Understanding brain health and addressing neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cognitive decline is of paramount importance. Traditional knowledge from various cultures, including Indigenous practices, Ayurvedic medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), African traditional medicine, and Native American practices, reveals a rich repository of plant-based remedies. Key plants like Ginkgo biloba, Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi), Panax ginseng, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), and Huperzia serrata have been traditionally used for their brain-enhancing properties. These plants contain active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, and saponins, which contribute to their neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-enhancing effects. Modern pharmacology has begun to harness these ethnobotanical insights, integrating them into the development of standardized extracts and supplements. Clinical studies support the efficacy of these plants, but considerations of safety, proper dosage, and ethical sourcing are crucial. Despite these advances, challenges such as ethical use of traditional knowledge and conservation of ethnobotanical resources persist. The future of brain health treatments lies in the intersection of traditional practices and modern science, offering promising avenues for new discoveries and therapeutic applications. This review aims to highlight the importance of bridging these worlds, advocating for continued research and collaboration in the field of ethnobotany and brain health