Ludwigia adscendens, a prominent aquatic plant found in tropical and subtropical regions, is renowned for its diverse applications in traditional medicine and ecological significance. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the botanical and pharmacological aspects of L. adscendens. We explore the plant's taxonomy, morphology and distribution, emphasizing its unique characteristics within wetland ecosystems. Additionally, we delve into its phytochemical profile, highlighting bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins that contribute to its medicinal potential. The plant's traditional uses in treating ailments such as inflammation, infections, and diabetic disorders are also discussed, alongside recent scientific studies that validate these therapeutic properties. The review concludes with an evaluation of current challenges and future research directions for harnessing the full potential of L. adscendens in pharmacology and conservation.