Soil is the uppermost layer of the earth surface playing crucial role in supporting life by providing essential component. It consists of organic and Inorganic matter including natural radionuclides like Uranium (238U), Thorium (232Th), Potassium (40K). Radon(220Rn) and thoron(222Rn) is a decay product of radium and Thorium. These gases escape from soil matrix and enter homes through emanation and exhalation. The half life span of the radon atom is 3.824 days, can diffuse within the indoor environment and travel a few meters away. The Study encompasses 11 Ground water (GW) and 11 Non- Ground water (NGW) sites in Pune, Maharashtra, India. The soil samples were analysed with HPGe Detector and Smart RnDuO Detector for the Radon and thoron measurement. The average global concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K are 32 Bqkg-1, 45 Bqkg-1, and 412 Bqkg-1, respectively. The results obtained for the radon concentration, mass and surface exhalation rate in the present study are within the range of the worldwide average value and remain higher for GW than NGW. The study suggests that the radionuclide activity concentrations in the studied regions are within safe limits and do not pose significant risks to public health.