As the third most important grain legume in the world, Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is not only an essential source of food but also increases the soil's fertility by adding nitrogen. The present study aimed to investigate the morphological traits of four Chickpea varieties widely grown in Algeria, estimate the flavonoid content, total nitrogen and nitrogenase amount, and examine the correlation between themselves to select plants with improved yield. Data for 40 descriptor traits were recorded on sample plants selected randomly from the four Chickpea varieties under the same experimental conditions. A wide variation was observed in the flavonoid content, nitrogen amount in all phenological stages, stem and internode length, and the numbers of pods, flowers, and seeds. The ANOVA analysis was conducted to assess the significance of this variability, and the results revealed significant variations for 15 descriptor traits. Pearson’s correlation matrix shows many correlations between the variables studied. The flavonoid content was related to the main branches and the hundred grains' weight, while the nitrogen amount was related to the number of pods, leaves, and length of stems and roots. Acquiring this understanding may guide strategies based on manipulating the flavonoid pathway and the capacity for biological nitrogen fixation, with the objective of improving the yield of chickpeas and increasing the soil's fertility.