Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent bone metabolic diseases, which is associated with the low levels of bone mineral density (BMD) and susceptibility to more fractures with an eroded microstructure. Often termed a “silent disease”, it can cause serious public health issues, especially in elderly populations. This paper attempts to fill this gap, presenting thorough information about osteoporotic disease as well as its epidemiological signup, the current forms into which osteoporosis may be classified, primary and secondary, clinical procedures, and the pharmacological advancements. It also discusses new imaging techniques and the use of artificial intelligence in fracture risk evaluation. Osteoporosis is quite a complex condition and hence the understanding of its nature will help to come up with the appropriate measures for prevention and management so as to optimize bone health and decrease the risk of fractures.