The effect of the use of antimicrobials on the prevalence of resistant strains isolated from foods sold on public roads constitutes a major public health concern on a global scale. The objective of this study was to determine the phenotypic characteristics of E. coli isolated from some foods sold on public roads in the city of N’Djamena in Chad. A total of 189 food samples from six (6) different dishes were collected in the city of N’Djamena between April 2015 and May 2017. The research and characterization of E. coli were carried out following ISO standardized methods. The study of the sensitivity of E. coli strains to antibiotics was carried out by the agar diffusion method with ten (10) antibiotic disks. It appears from this study that the overall prevalence of E. coli was 62.43%. Concerning the evaluation of the antibiogram of E. coli strains, a sensitivity of 100% to Nalidixic Acid, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Aztreonam and Imipenem was detected. However, the isolates showed the greatest resistance to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid (21.74%), Cefoxitin (13.06%) and Norfloxacin (13.06%). These revealed resistances are the consequence of self medication and the inadequacy of prescriptions. Strict monitoring of the use of antibiotics is necessary in order to reduce the extent of this phenomenon.