Osteoglycin (OGN), also known as osteoinductive factor or mimecan, is a secretory protein belonging to class III of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans. OGN is a single-copy gene on the human 9q22.31 chromosome that produces three mRNA transcripts, three of which are the result of differential splicing inside the first translated ex. Because of proteolytic cleavage and glycosylation, different protein isoforms exist, whereas only one precursor protein is encoded. Osteoglycin may be a metabolically active proteoglycan as myoblasts express osteoglycin .Vitamin D deficiency decreases the expression of osteoglycin from muscle in a diabetic mouse model and so, osteoglycin could be dependent on vitamin D. During a glucose tolerance test on mice, osteoglycin treatment is related to a dose-dependent lowering of blood glucose levels. In vitro treatment with osteoglycin results in a dose-dependent increase in the expression of Ins1 and Ins2 mRNA .Ins1 and Ins2 are coupled to insulin secretion .Also, during insulin tolerance tests, osteoglycin treatment increases the decline in glucose levels in response to insulin, suggesting that the action of insulin is enhanced by osteoglycin. Thus, osteoglycin may be a metabolically active molecule. This could be reflected in patients undergoing gastric weight loss surgery or dietary-induced weight loss since surgery induces an increased osteoglycin level, which is associated with decreased fasting blood glucose. However, during weight loss, especially by gastric surgery, other mechanisms may also apply to the observed effects. serum OGN could act as an albuminuria-independent biomarker of incipient kidney dysfunction in T2D patients.