Incisional hernia is a common short- and long-term complication following both elective and emergency laparotomy. With the help of systematic review and meta-analysis our study investigated if the prophylactic mesh placement(PMP) in elective laparotomy reduced the rate of incisional hernia or not. Methods A systematic review of published literature from The Scopus, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases was performed for studies where patients were managed with prophylactic mesh placement or without mesh , measures taken to assess the quality and risk of bias such as the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool or the Newcastle-Ottawa . Our ultimate endpoint was to explore the risk of incisional hernia post operatively at different follow-up time points Results Eight randomised controlled trials (RCTs) , with 1670 patients (PTS) for elective operations included one our institutional study of 120 PTS were observed . PMP significantly reduced the incidence of incisional hernias compared to standard closure techniques (RR ≈ 0.50, 95% CI: 0.30-0.70).Mesh-related complications were minimal, with no significant differences observed between the mesh and control groups. Patient-reported outcomes, including pain and quality of life, were comparable between groups Conclusion: Mesh placement after elective laparotomy while abdominal closure is associated with low occurrence of incisional hernia. The concept of mesh placement can be successfully applied to selected patients to halt the development a morbid condition of incisional hernia