Nowadays, kidney dysfunction is a real public health problem. Unfortunately, information on the prevalence of this disease among people living with HIV is non-existent. This work studies the prevalence of renal dysfunction and associated risk factors among people living with HIV/AIDS, under antiretroviral treatment, at the outpatient treatment center of Makokou (CTAMKK); in the North-East of Gabon. This is cross-sectional and descriptive study analysis of patient record conducted from January to December 2022. It included all PLWHIV undergoing antiretroviral treatment and followed at the Makokou outpatient treatment center. Among these patients, at least one marker of renal impairment (elevation of plasma creatinine, deterioration of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)) was diagnosed. The parameters analyzed were sociodemographic, clinical, and paraclinical. Statistical analyses were performed at the 95% level, and the results were significant at p≤0.05. A total of 356 HIV-1 positive individuals participated in this study. With a mean age of 50.21 years, 18% of HIV-positive individuals were diagnosed with renal dysfunction (95% CI: [0.14- 0.22]). Univariate analyses and adjustment of the prevalence of renal dysfunction according to sociodemographic, clinical and para-clinical characteristics, among HIV-infected persons at the Makokou CTA, indicated that female gender (adjusted OR = 1. 45; 95% CI: [1.13; 1.85] p=0.003), age range ≥ 61 years (adjusted OR = 0.46; 95% CI [0.29; 0.87] p=0.016), duration on ATR treatment (adjusted OR = 0. 023; 95% CI: [0.004 ; 0.126] p= 0.000), overweight (adjusted OR =85.9; 95% CI: [1.416 ;5214] p=0.034), viral load (adjusted OR =0.0038; 95% CI [0.003 ;0.64] 9=0. 024), and severe immune deficiency (adjusted OR =122.5; 95% CI: [1.18 ; 7584] p=0.022), were identified as potential significant risk factors for renal dysfunction in the present study. In order to predict and monitor disease severity and risk stratification among PLWHIV, studies on the prevalence, molecular and clinical epidemiology of renal dysfunction are needed.