Background: Workplace violence is a common phenomenon in the healthcare industry and has a particularly negative impact on nurses, as they experience significant psychological and professional problems. It is, therefore, important for nurses to build their capacity to manage such adverse experiences and bounce back from the effects. However, many significant barriers limit the development of effective resilience among nurses. Objective: The aim is to establish the challenges to resilience promotion in working nurses who have experienced violence at the workplace and to review the efficiency of multiple interventions that promote resilience. Methods: A literature review was carried out in the context of the studies of workplace violence against nurses and the strategies to build resilience. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were information sources. Inclusion criteria included original and peer-reviewed articles only, available in English, and published between January 2000 and December 2023. The data were collected using a particular form and evaluated on the quality and relevance criteria. Results: This review outlined the barriers to resilience development as follows: lack of organizational support, workload, staffing, lack of training and education, negative culture, and self and system factors. Mindfulness training, zero-tolerance policies, and peer support groups significantly improve resilience. The literature analysis emphasized the importance of addressing the problem by integrating individual, organizational and external resources. Conclusion: It is essential to point out that the development of resilience is affected by barriers, and countermeasures need to be taken to enhance nurses’ coping strategies in case of workplace violence. The critical components of human resources are organizational support, staffing, training, and a favorable organizational culture. These results support the notion that the WHO’s resilience-building interventions should be multifaceted in any healthcare context. Future Work: Future research should continue to use longitudinal studies or clinical trials to support the efficacy of resilience integration interventions. Studying the effectiveness of these interventions and identifying the key factors of such interventions will be important for improving nurses’ quality of life and performance.