Background: Sciatic nerve injuries are most commonly seen in war/combat- related injuries, with the literature describing peripheral nerve injuries associated with as many as 30% of combat-related injuries. These include penetrating mechanisms, such as blast shrapnel, gunshot wounds, or bone fragments/fractures as the secondary injury mechanism after explosions. Animal studies in rat sciatic nerve and rabbit common peroneal nerve models have demonstrated improved axon counts and gait function after end-to-end coaptation with a PTB nerve wrap. Improved gait function has also been demonstrated in a one cm rat sciatic nerve graft model. End-to-end repair is preferred for transected nerves with short gaps . However, if such a repair places the nerve or the site of repair under substantial tension, outcomes are likely to be poor and repair failure emerges as a significant concern ; so, an intervening graft or conduit is deployed.