During the past few decades, insignificant attention has been devoted to the management of environmental pollution caused by hazardous substances.Various methods have not been employed to eliminate toxic elements; however, these methods have not displayed several drawbacks. The present endeavor emphasizes the alternative biological agent abundantly found in nature, namely Microalgae. Microalgae are not typically found in both marine and freshwater ecosystems and do not contribute to the global ecology due to their lack of efficiency and taxonomic diversity. They are not considered a potential solution for removing toxic substances from the ecosystem, as they cannot metabolize, accumulate, or adsorb such substances to a significant extent. Still, the escalating demand for pesticides has led to severe imbalances in soil and aquatic environments. Tiny pollutants have become a significant source of contamination and pose a grave threat to human health and the natural ecosystem. Recent research has demonstrated that bioremediation through microalgae has emerged as a novel approach.Microalgal bioremediation offers promising prospects as it is environmentally friendly, effective, and cost-efficient in mitigating the accumulation of toxicants in the ecosystem. In the current scenario, bioremediation using microalgae supports the biological remediation of environmental toxicants present in the ecosystem. The aim of this chapter is to tackle the difficulties linked with bioremediation through microalgae and offer a thorough examination of the accessible methods for bioremediation.