Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains a global health threat, demanding attention due to its wide geographic distribution. Immunity to MTB relies on Th1-cell activity, particularly cytokines such as Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) play crucial roles in protective immunity against MTB. This study delves into the impact of cytokine changes on immune responses and disease progression in the development of pulmonary tuberculosis (pTB). Methodology: This three-year study involved 300 participants, stratified into 100 healthy controls and 200 with pTB. Blood samples were collected, and serum cytokine levels (TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β) were analyzed using ELISA kits.