With a growing number of applications and publications in recent years, ultrasound elastography (USE) is emerging as a significant supplemental tool in the assessment of various musculoskeletal (MSK) traumatic disorders and diseases. This quickly developing method complements the morphological and vascular data from B-mode US and Doppler imaging to improve the traditional ultrasound (US) examination by offering details on the tissue's elastic characteristics. USE requires a fundamental understanding of its limitations and appropriate imaging techniques. In this review article, we set the USE in its historical context and go over its fundamental methods and contemporary uses in the assessment of different pathologic and traumatic disorders affecting fasciae, nerves, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and MSK soft tissue masses.