Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were initially regarded as harmful compounds before their crucial role in seed physiology was understood. ROS are generated in various cellular compartments such as mitochondria, cytoplasm, peroxisomes, and chloroplasts due to the development of aerobic metabolic cycles. They play essential roles in cell signaling, inflammatory responses, and enzymatic reactions within the cell. Efficient scavenging of ROS is critical to maintaining an antioxidative defense mechanism in the cell, especially during periods of stress. During seed germination, the resumption of respiration can lead to increased ROS production and electron leakage. However, during certain stages of seed development when chloroplasts generate ROS, these ROS may become nonfunctional. ROS sensors initiate signaling cascades, ultimately modifying gene expression through ROS mediated regulation of transcription factors. ROS also exhibit high reactivity towards biomolecules, participate in signaling pathways, and contribute to dormancy alleviation in various parts of plants. Thus, the role of ROS in plant physiology and metabolism is a subject of in-depth exploration which is provided in this review paper.