The present study was conducted in the Gainadi River of Dhemaji district in Assam. The study was carried out from the month of January to May 2024 in two selected sampling sites. Through this investigation, the economic importance of locally available fish and fishing gear used in Gainadi River was analysed. A total of 42 fish species were recorded belonging to 9 orders and 12 families. Among the 12 families, the family Cyprinidae was dominant with 24 species followed by Siluridae with 3 species and Ambassidae, Channidae, Cobitidae, Bagridae and Mastacembelidae with 2 species each and Belonidae, Gobiidae, Clariidae, Schilbeidae and Tetraodontidae with one species each. Based on the conservation status, 36 species are least concern, 3 species is recorded as vulnerable and 3 species as near threatened. However, on the basis of economic value, 36 species were found to be of commercially importance, 27 species have food value and 13 species are of ornamental value. Out of the 42 species recorded, 8 species are herbivorous, 11 species are omnivorous and 23 species carnivorous. In the present study, a variety of 17 types of fishing gear, including 5 fishing nets, 8 fishing traps, 2 hooks and lines, were used for catching live fishes. The primary concern for the declining diversity, both in the study area and across the country, is the decreasing availability of fish. So, fish species requires a multifaceted management practice, habitat protection and community engagement.