Mechanical treatment remains the predominant method for treating industrial wastewater from oil refineries, focusing on the separation of oil, petroleum products, suspended solids, and water. This approach relies on gravitational forces and utilizes equipment such as sand traps, separators, hydrocyclones, centrifuges, flotation devices, and filters. Despite its widespread use, there is no standardized methodology for selecting or calculating the most effective treatment devices. The choice of treatment method depends on the nature of pollutants in the water, which is determined through rinsing kinetics analysis. The study highlights the importance of understanding the granulometric composition of pollutants, where the proximity of the pollutant distribution curve to the ordinate axis indicates a high dispersion of pollutants, necessitating advanced methods like coagulation, flotation, or filtration to improve sedimentation efficiency. Additionally, the study reviews the influence of hydrodynamic parameters on the efficiency of sedimentation and flotation processes and the need for correction factors in industrial settings. Furthermore, recent advancements in flotation techniques, the design of thin-layer oil traps, and the application of physicochemical methods, including coagulation, electrocoagulation, and adsorption, are discussed. The research demonstrates that advanced methods, such as electrochemical treatment and the use of reagents like polyelectrolytes, can significantly enhance pollutant removal.