This scientific article examines the impact of agroecological practices on biodiversity and agricultural productivity in Ecuador through a case study. Over a five-year period, data was collected that yielded significant results. Regarding the impact on biodiversity, it was found that plots with agroecological practices presented a greater diversity of crops compared to conventional plots. Crop diversification, pollinator promotion and conservation of native species contributed to the conservation of biodiversity in agroecological plots. In addition, an increase in the abundance of pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, and a greater presence of natural pest predators were observed in these plots, which reduced the need for chemical pesticides and promoted biological pest control.