Background Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a significant public health concern associated with a range of adverse health outcomes, including an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. The precise mechanisms linking chronic alcohol consumption to neurological decline are not fully understood. This study investigates the relationship between AUD and the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases, with a focus on the demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of patients with AUD. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was conducted between May 2023 and May 2024 in a psychiatric ward. A total of 100 adult patients aged 30 years and above, diagnosed with AUD based on DSM-5 criteria, were recruited. Data were collected through structured interviews, medical record reviews, and neuroimaging. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, cross-tabulation, and t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results The study population had a mean age of 50 years. The average duration of alcohol use was 30 years. Cognitive impairment was more prevalent in older participants, particularly those over 60 years of age. There was a significant association between the duration of alcohol use and the presence of neurodegenerative symptoms. Participants with lower compliance to preventive strategies, such as cognitive training and physical exercise, were more likely to exhibit cognitive impairment. Daily and binge drinkers showed higher levels of cognitive decline compared to occasional drinkers. Conclusions Keywords This study highlights the strong association between AUD and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. The findings suggest that prolonged alcohol use, particularly in older adults, significantly contributes to cognitive decline. Preventive strategies, including lifestyle modifications, are crucial in mitigating these risks. However, further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality and explore potential interventions.