Thermal power plants are vital for meeting global electricity demands, yet they generate substantial solid waste, notably fly ash. This paper investigates the environmental impacts of fly ash from thermal power plants, addressing disposal challenges and potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Employing bibliometric analysis with Dimension AI and VOSviewer, the study maps the research landscape, identifying key themes, authors, and trends. Results show exponential growth in publications, with original research articles dominating. Interdisciplinary collaboration is evident, with China leading in publication output. Major journals and institutions contribute significantly. Key themes include soil pollution and energy, aligning with sustainable development goals. Future research could focus on innovative management technologies, health impacts, policy frameworks, and global perspectives. Limitations include publication and language bias, data quality issues, and temporal scope. Despite limitations, this study provides valuable insights into addressing environmental challenges associated with fly ash, emphasizing the importance of continued research and collaboration for a sustainable energy future.