ISSN : 2663-2187

THE MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT URINARY TRACT INFECTION UTIS A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PREVENTION STRATEGIES ANTIBIOTIC STEWARDSHIP AND THE EMERGING ROLE OF NON-ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT

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Ehsan Ul Islam, Muhammad Shahzad, Raja Asim Shafique, Mohsin Naveed, Ehtesham Malik Khan
» doi: 10.48047/AFJBS.6.15.2024.1281-1293

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very frequent, contribute to substantial patient morbidity, entail large financial costs to health-care systems and are one of the most common causes for antibiotic usage globally. Two or more incidents during a six-month period, or three or more within a year, are considered recurrent urinary tract infections, or rUTIs. With the exception of the first year of life, women have urinary tract infections more frequently than males. rUTIs cause a large financial strain on the healthcare system and several missed workdays. Antibiotics were formerly the basis of acute therapy; now, due to rising resistance patterns, antibiotic overuse and abuse, and a move toward antimicrobial stewardship, we are increasingly relying more on non-antibiotic and preventive measures. It is crucial to find non-antibiotic solutions for rUTI treatment and prevention. Behavior modifications, dietary supplements (such as cranberry products and Chinese herbal medicines), probiotics, NSAIDs, D-mannose, methenamine hippurate, estrogens, intravesical glycosaminoglycans, immunostimulants, vaccinations, and inoculation with less-pathogenic bacteria are some non-antibiotic measures and treatments for rUTIs. Although some of the trial outcomes for these treatments are encouraging, more substantial data is needed before solid recommendations for their application can be made. Trials in certain demographic groups are needed to determine if a combination of these medications would be the best course of action to minimize recurrent UTI.

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