The concept of "citizenship" is considered one of the basic concepts in the political system of Islam. Despite its great popularity in the narratives of the infallible, especially Imam Ali, peace be upon him, it was not able to impose its presence - as it should - in modern political and social thought. The rights of the citizen As mentioned in Nahj al-Balagha, it appears in all cognitive, economic, political, cultural, and social fields, and imposes on the ruler to undertake and strive to achieve the rights of the citizen as a prelude to his journey toward the desired material and moral integration, in exchange for acceptance of the guardianship and governance of the Islamic state. It also imposes duties on the citizen. On his responsibility towards the Islamic state and the ruling system, the relationship between the ruler and the citizen is a mutual and two-party relationship, which is the matter in which the system of citizenship rights in Western and liberal systems differs from the system of citizenship rights in the Islamic political system. This research seeks to present a study on the rights and duties of citizens in Islamic society, using the method of description and analysis and based on the teachings of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, in Nahj al-Balagha.