Aquaculture's sustainability heavily relies on optimizing fish growth, health, and feed utilization. In recent years, synbiotics, a combination of prebiotics and probiotics, have gained significant attention as potential feed additives to enhance aquaculture productivity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding dietary synbiotics supplementation in tilapia farming. This review explores the various types of prebiotics, probiotics, and their combination (synbiotics) used in aquafeeds, their mechanisms of action, and their individual and combined effects on tilapia growth, digestive efficiency, immune responses, and disease resistance. Additionally, this review discusses the implications of incorporating synbiotics in tilapia diets for overall fish health and well-being. This review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers, farmers, and industry stakeholders, contributing to the development of sustainable and efficient tilapia farming practices through dietary prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics supplementation.