Corn, a vital crop native to the Americas, plays an essential role in global nutrition, animal feed and various industrial applications, including the production of biopolymers. This cereal, noted for its high content of starch, proteins, oils and nutrients, has positioned itself as a key raw material for the development of biodegradable and renewable materials. The transformation of corn into biopolymers responds to the growing demand for sustainable alternatives to petroleum-derived plastics, focusing on minimizing environmental impact and promoting ecological practices in the industry. Research and development in this area seeks to overcome challenges related to the production, material properties and economic viability of corn biopolymers, with the aim of offering products with mechanical and barrier properties similar to those of conventional plastics, but with the advantage of being biodegradable. The processes involved in obtaining these biopolymers include starch extraction, microbial fermentation and chemical polymerization, underlining the importance of technological innovation for the sustainable use of corn. The implementation of biopolymers derived from corn in agribusiness promises significant environmental benefits, such as reducing the carbon footprint and improving waste management, marking a step towards sustainability and the circular economy. However, to achieve broader adoption, it is crucial to address the current technical and economic challenges, thus promoting a future where renewable and sustainable materials play a central role in the industry and contribute to a more environmentally friendly environment.