OBJECTIVE: The objective wasto assess the morphology and alterationsof maxillary sinus in Indian population. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 300 maxillary sinuses from 150 patients' 3D SCAN: cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The anterior-posterior, mesio-distal and cranio-caudal length of maxillary sinus was measured in axial and coronal section of the CBCT images. The existence of maxillary sinus septa, considered an alteration within the maxillary sinus, was also assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using the student ttest. RESULT: The average volume of the maxillary sinuses was 11.685cm3 with a standard deviation of 4.512cm3. Highly significant gender variations were observed. Maxillary sinus septa were noticed in 33.3% of cases. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of anatomical variations in maxillary sinus septa displays diversity. These findings have implications for Implantology, sinus augmentation procedures, and endoscopic sinus surgeries. The observed gender variations in maxillary sinus volume contribute to sex determination in forensic medicine.