Medicago sativa Linn. (Leguminosae), known as the (Al-fal-fa) “father of all foods”. It is an erect, green perennial herb and one of the finest fodder plants. Alfalfa has been traditionally used in digestive system disorders, central nervous system disorders, fluid retention, ulcer, and for the treatment of various other ailments in Ayurveda and Homeopathy. Pharmacological and clinical trial reports suggest beneficial role of Alfalfa as hypocholestremic, hypoglycemic, anti-anxiety, antioxidant, immune potentiating, antimicrobial and estrogenic activity in menopausal symptoms in women. Ethnomedicinal reports suggest use of Alfalfa in arthritis, scurvy, improve the memory, inflammation and jaundice. Moreover, Alfalfa also improve health of moderately polluted soil by phytoremediation. Alfalfa contains alkaloids, phytosterols, saponins, phytoestrogens, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenes and digestive enzymes, as major classes of phytoconstituents. Sprout, leaves and seeds are important source of nutraceutical due to presence of proteins, amino acids, minerals, and vitamins. Important phytoconstituents found were lutein, soyasapogenol, medicagenic acid, kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. A detailed survey of literature was performed to compile scientific literature published on Medicago sativa. Present review focus on important aspect of Medicago sativa like pharmacological, traditional, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical analysis and phytoremediation.