The extent of the public health problem is highlighted by the retrospective research on paediatric urinary tract infections in Khenchela, Eastern Algeria. Due to their frequency and difficulty in treating, urinary infections, which have a high prevalence of 150 million cases each year, present serious challenges. These infections are among the most common in children, with a higher frequency in males under the age of 3 and in girls older than 1 year. Over a period of four years, the study, which included 1265 children, confirmed the prevalence of infections in preschool-aged children as well as diagnostic challenges. 60% of urinary tract infections are caused by Escherichia coli. The demographic statistics showed that females between the ages of 1 and 3 clearly predominate. Gram-negative bacteria were found to predominate in urine culture investigations. Inequalities in population density and access to healthcare are suggested by the unequal distribution of cases in the Khenchela area. The study concludes by highlighting the necessity of focused preventative initiatives, particularly for preschool-aged children, and by offering vital information to improve diagnostic procedures and care accessibility, so aiding in the efficient handling of this public health concern.