Background: Phototherapy is widely used to treat hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates but can lead to hypocalcemia, a potentially serious side effect. There is a growing interest in simple interventions like the use of head caps during phototherapy to reduce the risk of hypocalcemia. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of head caps in decreasing phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia in term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: The study was conducted at Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute between November 2022 and April 2024, focusing on 120 term neonates requiring phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia, after excluding 26 based on predefined criteria. Inclusion criteria included term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, while exclusions applied to neonates under 24 hours old, those with gestation periods less than 37 weeks, and neonates with conditions such as congenital anomalies, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, or born to mothers with specific conditions like diabetes mellitus. Data collection covered baseline characteristics (birth weight, gender, gestational age), phototherapy details (age at initiation, baseline total serum bilirubin, duration), and biochemical parameters (ionized calcium, sodium, potassium) before and after 48 hours of phototherapy. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 21. Results: In the study, Group A had 37 males and 23 females, and Group B had 34 males and 26 females, with no statistically significant gender difference (p=0.631). The mean gestational age was comparable between groups (Group A: 37.18 ± 0.49 weeks, Group B: 37.23 ± 0.72 weeks; p=0.424). Hypocalcemia incidence was significantly lower in Group B (with head cap) at 6.67% compared to 26.67% in Group A (without head cap) (p=0.0021). Serum sodium and potassium levels remained stable before and after phototherapy in both groups. Conclusion: The study concluded that using a head cap during phototherapy significantly reduces the risk of hypocalcemia in term neonates. Covering the head is a simple, safe, and effective method to prevent phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia, emphasizing the need to monitor calcium levels during treatment.