Vaginitis presents as one of the most common gynaecological disorders for which women seek medical care. Vaginitis is a condition in which the vagina becomes inflamed resulting in pruritis, discharge and pain. The vaginal ecosystem comprises of both pathogenic and non pathogenic bacteria and this condition results due to the imbalance in the vaginal flora by organisms like yeast, bacteria, parasites or due to irritation from chemicals or sprays. Out of the numerous causes, Bacterial vaginitis (40 50%), vulvovaginal candidiasis (20-25%), and trichomoniasis (15-20%) may be regarded as the frequent causes of vaginitis. Most women suffering from vaginitis refrain from visiting clinics due to the social stigma attached to it and instead opt for self-treatment with over-the-counter drugs which at times may not be the correct mode of treatment. Therefore, to minimise the occurrence of and to contain the spread of vaginitis it is very important for women of all reproductive ages to have an understanding about the disease along with its proper management. The present review aims to understand the causes, diagnosis and treatment of the most common causes of vaginitis.