Cervical cancer is considered a significant global health burden, with a high incidence rate, especially in developing countries. This research article comprehensively analyzes cervical cancer, including its epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, diagnostic modalities, treatment options, and preventive strategies. The review incorporates insights from 30 research articles and clinical studies to present a holistic understanding of the disease. The identified role of the virus responsible for cervical cancer is human papillomavirus (HPV), causing infection in cervical carcinogenesis is a central theme, given that persistent infection with high-risk HPV types is the primary cause of cervical cancer. The review highlights the molecular mechanisms HPV induces carcinogenesis, including the roles of viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 in disrupting normal cell cycle regulation. Early detection through screening programs is emphasized as a critical factor in reducing cervical cancer mortality. The article discusses various screening methods, including Pap smears, HPV DNA testing, and liquid-based cytology, comparing their efficacy and accessibility. The advancement of new technologies, like technologies artificial intelligence, in enhancing screening accuracy and efficiency is also explored. The evolving landscape of targeted therapies is another key focus, with detailed discussions on the latest advancements in treatment options. These include the use of bevacizumab for advanced cervical cancer, as well as emerging targeted therapies and immunotherapies that offer hope for more effective and personalized treatment approaches. Preventive strategies, particularly the importance of HPV vaccination, are thoroughly reviewed. The article examines the impact of vaccination programs in different countries, including challenges and successes, and underscores the need for increased vaccination coverage, especially in resource-limited settings. This article aims to contribute to the knowledge of cervical cancer and guide further research efforts toward improved prevention and management strategies. By integrating findings from a wide array of studies, it provides a comprehensive resource for understanding the multifaceted nature of cervical cancer and the ongoing efforts to combat it.