This retrospective observational study delves into the mortality and morbidity rates in under 5 children, focusing on prevalent conditions including respiratory tract infections, shock, sepsis, meningitis etc., The study analyses 1000 cases of in which mortality 300 and morbidity 700, providing comprehensive insights into the epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes associated with these conditions. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions and early detection strategies to address the significant burden of these life-threatening illnesses among young children. Background: Respiratory tract infections, shock, sepsis, meningitis etc., collectively represent significant health challenges in paediatric populations, particularly among children under 5 years old. These conditions can lead to severe morbidity and mortality if not promptly identified and treated. Respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia and bronchiolitis, are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, especially in resource-limited settings. Shock, often resulting from severe infections or other critical illnesses, requires immediate medical attention to prevent adverse outcomes. Sepsis, a life-threatening condition resulting from the body's overwhelming response to infection, poses a substantial risk to paediatric patients. Meningitis, whether bacterial or viral, can lead to neurological sequelae or death if not promptly diagnosed and managed. Despite advances in medical care, these conditions continue to impose a significant burden on under 5 children globally. Thus, understanding the epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes associated with these conditions is crucial for guiding public health interventions and improving paediatric healthcare delivery. This retrospective observational study aims to contribute valuable insights into the mortality and morbidity patterns of these conditions in under 5 children, facilitating informed decision-making and resource allocation for better paediatric health outcomes