The intensive use of pesticides in agriculture has raised significant concerns regarding environmental sustainability and public health. This study aims to analyze pesticide usage practices among farmers in a semi-arid region, focusing on their legal status, crop types, treatment schedules, preparation methods, and adherence to safety measures. A total of 100 farmers from the semi-arid zone of Relizane, North-West Algeria, were surveyed through semi-structured interviews. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using advanced statistical techniques.Multivariate Component Analysis (MCA) identified distinct patterns between pesticide users and non-users, while Hierarchical Ascending Classification (HAC) highlighted variations in pesticide practices based on socio-economic and agronomic factors. ANOVA results demonstrated significant correlations between crop types, the extent of chemical usage, farmers’ hierarchical roles, and their educational levels. These findings reveal critical gaps in awareness and training, contributing to unsafe pesticide application and heightened health risks among farmers.The study underscores the urgent need for adopting Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides while promoting environmentally sustainable practices. Moreover, targeted educational initiatives and regulatory frameworks are essential to improve farmers' knowledge and compliance with safety protocols. By contextualizing these findings within the broader discourse on pesticide usage in agriculture, this research contributes to understanding the socio-economic and environmental dimensions of pesticide application in semi-arid regions. It offers actionable insights for policymakers, researchers, and agricultural practitioners striving to balance productivity with environmental conservation and public health safeguards.