The Himalayan Salamander (Tylototriton himalayanus) is one of the most remarkable amphibians of the Eastern Himalaya and among the only salamander species reported from India. This review-style paper synthesizes available knowledge on its taxonomy, morphology, ecology, reproductive biology, distribution, conservation status and threats. The species is evolutionarily distinct, ecologically sensitiveand strongly associated with mountain wetlands. Current evidence indicates that habitat loss, wetland degradation, climate variability, invasive species, pollutionand infrastructure expansion are contributing to population declines. The paper examines the ecological role of the species as a bio-indicator and explores conservation opportunities through habitat restoration, community participation and transboundary cooperation. The Himalayan Salamander is not only a rare amphibian but also a symbol of the ecological integrity of Eastern Himalayan wetlands.