Water treatment is a critical process for ensuring the safety and quality of water resources. This study compares the effectiveness of biological methods to conventional water treatment processes. The research focused on three biological treatment methods: constructed wetlands, membrane bioreactors (MBR), and algal treatment systems. These were evaluated against a conventional activated sludge process. Parameters assessed included removal efficiencies of organic matter (BOD, COD), nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus), and pathogens. The study also considered operational costs, energy consumption, and environmental impact. Results indicated that biological methods, particularly MBR and constructed wetlands, showed comparable or superior performance in contaminant removal. However, they differed in operational requirements and suitability for various scales of application. This research contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the integration of biological methods in water treatment strategies, highlighting their potential to enhance sustainability in water management practices.