ISSN : 2663-2187

An Overview about Online Education of Goat’s Eye anatomy During Pandemic of COVID-19

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Eman A. A. Mahdy, Basset Aly, A. E., Esraa B. Gad, Mervat M. H. Konsowa
» doi: 10.33472/AFJBS.6.2.2024.315-329

Abstract

After the COVID-19 pandemic emerged by ten months, online teaching appeared to be the only sustainable opportunity in medical teaching and especially in anatomy learning. Online classrooms could be an excellent way to give any theoretical lecture, but learning anatomy by this way was difficult since it needed students to engage with the online resources and use three-dimensional (3D) perception. we like to shed light on the anatomy of the eye and its various component in domestic animals with different techniques. Regarding to orbit in goat, orbital width/height was the perpendicular space between the supraorbital and infraorbital borders of the orbit. Orbital length, was the horizontal space between the rostral and caudal borders of the orbital rim. Orbital index was the orbital width / orbital length. Orbital depth was the distance between center of the orbital rim and optic foramen. The eye lids of goat were musclofibrous folds. The latter were much thinner than ox. Greater thickness was present on the upper than the lower eyelids. The lateral and medial angles (commissures) connected the eyelids on either side. There was pigmentation where the conjunctiva and lids met and the lateral angle of the lids but the medial angle of the lids lack of pigmentation. The palperal fissure was oval in shape but broader toward the medial angle. The eyelids included Meibomian (tarsal glands) and ciliary glands. Goat’s meibomian glands were found in the tarsal plate of both the upper and lower eyelids; the tarsal glands in the upper eyelid were more numerous and more developed than those in the lower lid. The third eye lid consisted of the conjunctival covering of the cartilage and the glandular tissue, that was surrounding the base of the third eyelid. The cartilage within the membrane was T-shaped. The wider portion of the "T" being near the free margin of the third eyelid. The conjunctiva on the palpebral side of the cartilage reflected onto the caruncle at the medial angle of the eye. The fornix formed by the conjunctiva on the palpebral surface of the lid was not extensive. The conjunctiva lined the third eyelid eventually joined the palpebral conjunctiva of the upper and lower lids. The goat conjunctiva may contain small lymph nodules. This review declared the anatomy of the eye and its adnexa in the different domestic animals with macroscopic and microscopic anatomy, Computed tomography (CT) and angiography to mention the various component of the eye especially bony orbit, ocular muscles and the three tunics of the eye.

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