One of the most important discussions in the philosophy of law is the foundations of law; the foundations of law are fundamental matters that provide the basis for and reinforce legal propositions and justify the value and legitimacy of legal rules. These foundations can be categorized into ontological, teleological, and anthropological foundations, and this research focuses solely on the anthropological foundations of human rights. The importance of discussing the foundations of law lies in the fact that the effectiveness of a legal system depends on its acceptance by its subjects; if the subjects of law perceive the rules of a legal system as logical, just, and necessary, they are more likely to accept and comply with it. Therefore, understanding the ethical and rational justifications that underlie legal rules enhances the acceptance of a legal system and adherence to its rules . The method of examining the foundations of human rights from a philosophical (Neo-Sadraean) perspective is descriptive and rational analysis. The research findings indicate that from the Neo-Sadraean viewpoint, anthropological foundations are among the most significant pillars of human rights. This study explores two important topics: "The status of humans in human rights" and "The existential dimensions of humans in human rights" from the Neo-Sadraean perspective. It demonstrates that humans possess both intrinsic and acquired dignity and status, and according to this elevated and dignified position, they are entitled to specific spiritual and transcendent rights and privileges. Additionally, humans have complex existential dimensions that transcend the material realm. Beyond their material existence, which entitles them to material rights, humans also have a human spirit or "higher self," which provides them with a great capacity for rational and spiritual growth. This existential aspect also necessitates rights that can be referred to as transcendent human rights—rights that are fully aligned with the moral, spiritual, and existential requirements of humans .