The importance of preserving primary teeth until natural exfoliation necessitates simple, affordable dental restorations for children, typically lacking in cooperation. Stainless steel crowns are common but less aesthetically pleasing compared to tooth-colored options like zirconia, known for strength and biocompatibility. In vitro studies mimicking oral conditions through human saliva, chewing simulation, and thermocycling aid in understanding material durability and fracture resistance, crucial for clinical decision-making in pediatric dentistry